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← Flagship work
02 / Autonomous systems / physical vehicleCARLA → physical vehicle

Autonomy on a physical golf cart

Deployed a learned-control stack on a physical golf cart, connecting an RL adapter to the vehicle’s industrial controls.

SystemPhysical golf-cart autonomy
My contributionController development, RL adapter & vehicle deployment
AccessPrivate implementation
Engineering & evidence

MPCC comparison, modified PPO and SAC, and multi-head attention encoding, developed alongside CARLA experiments.

Private implementation. A separate vehicle project from the ICRA simulation entry.

Kaustubh and the project team with the physical autonomous golf cart
The real golf cart, with the team. Physical vehicle project · separate from ICRA racing.
Technical deep dive Architecture, implementation & tradeoffs
System architecture
Physical golf cart / controller integration

Policy → adapter → vehicle

  1. 01

    Compare

    MPCC · modified PPO / SAC

    Classical and learned-control work across autonomous-driving experiments.

  2. 02

    Encode

    multi-head attention

    Encode driving observations for the learned vehicle controller.

  3. 03

    Connect

    RL adapter + industrial controls

    Integrate the learning controller with the physical control system.

  4. 04

    Deploy

    physical golf cart

    Run the autonomous-driving work on a real vehicle.

Development
CARLA and autonomous-driving experiments
Hardware
Physical golf-cart deployment
Implementation
Private local codebase
01 / Implementation

Controllers and representation

  • Compared MPCC with modified PPO/SAC in the autonomous-driving controller stack.
  • Built a multi-head attention encoder as part of the learned-control work.
02 / Implementation

From policy to vehicle

  • Built the reinforcement-learning adapter and industrial-control integration for the physical golf cart.
  • Carried the autonomous-driving work into real-vehicle execution; the implementation is private and stored locally.
Engineering note

The adapter is part of the controller.

A trained policy needs a path into the physical control system. My work included that integration: the RL adapter, industrial controls and deployment on the vehicle, alongside the learning and classical-control methods.

Project context

An independent autonomous-vehicle project, developed through CARLA experiments and deployed on a physical golf cart. The implementation is private.

Keep exploring

World models. Policy optimisation.

RLx-Core / Reinforcement Learning Toolkit